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Use rechargeable batteries

Use rechargeable batteries for notebook computers, one of the relative advantages of the desktop, it can greatly facilitate a variety of environments the use of notebook computers. Introduced the first battery is nickel-cadmium batteries (NiCd), but this HP F4098A Battery has a “memory effect”, each charge shall be required before discharge, very easy to use, and soon was nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH) replaced, NiMH not only failed to “memory effect”, but can make more per unit weight of 10% of the electricity. The most commonly used battery is lithium-ion battery (Li-Ion), it is also no “memory effect”, as compared with the NiMH per unit weight gain more power, the price twice as high than the NiMH. In the same weight, this three kinds battery is 1:1.2:1.9 ratio.

Notebook computer batteries currently used in three kinds of main categories: 1. Nickel-chromium batteries, 2. Ni-MH battery, 3. Lithium battery; they are generally expressed as: Ni-Cd NI-CD, Ni-MH NI-MH, Lithium-Ion battery LI.

The purchase or replace the battery when the laptop for many users, the “batteries” may be unfamiliar. The outset, batteries and battery are two concepts. A battery is composed of several slightly larger than the thumb, cylindrical, height of about 7,8 cm, voltage is 3.6v of small units. They are the batteries, just like a small battery, through the series combination, that is, we see the battery has. Then talk about how to determine if the battery is several cores:

One way: Disconnect the battery to the number of contacts to see him, there are a few of the tens of cores. But this is a “minister” approach. Let’s take a look at “Cao Chong” is how, “said the elephant”: the look of your battery nominal number of v, such as 14.4v, and then divided by 3.6 to be 4, then proved to be four batteries together in series. And then take a look at the capacity of the battery block, for example 3800mAh, then prove that the above mentioned two sets of batteries in series, because the small battery capacity is 1500-2000mAh, even more, to be two to reach 3800mAh. According to these two judgments, then the battery is 4 × 2 = 8 cores.

The composition of laptop battery

Laptop battery from shell, circuit boards and batteries, belonging to lithium-ion battery. People are talking about batteries in general refers to the number of batteries within the battery, mAh refers to the laptop battery capacity.

Mainly by the protection circuit board (or the secondary protection circuit), and the capacity of directed circuits of two parts, notebook battery charge and discharge and safety management.

Laptop battery standby time mainly by the mAh value to decide. Under normal circumstances, a few more batteries, mAh value is greater the longer standby time. Laptop battery life mainly by the charge and discharge times to measure the quality of the products are generally eligible for 500-600 times. Therefore, the effective use of laptop batteries within a period of two years, expired the battery will be aging, standby time affect the sharp decline in the mobility of notebook computers.

Laptop battery tips

In fact, how to make good use of laptop batteries battery, how to extend their use of time and the use of life and so on, is undoubtedly the troubled minds of the majority of notebook users, a problem, the use of laptop batteries There are many methods and techniques, which requires us to usually use more learning and application.

(A) rapid access to hibernation

Temporary non-use of laptop computers, in order to conserve battery power, we can set the power management program, allowing the system to enter sleep mode after a period of time, but this is a shorter or longer will have to wait a few minutes, there is no way to make laptop computer system immediately enter the sleep state?

Notebook computer system to enable quick access to dormant state of a simple method is to directly close the display. Press the display would require little effort, you can make notebook computers into sleep mode immediately and effectively conserve battery power. When you need to re-used time, as long as the opening screen, the system will automatically return to pre-operational state.

(B) the screen-saving mode

TFT screen is the largest notebook computer power components, in order to reduce its use of the battery when the power consumption, notebook manufacturers have devised ingenious schemes, but in general are based on the lower screen brightness, and even turn off the IBM THINKPAD T42 SERIES Battery.

In some notebook computer’s power management settings you can customize the brightness of the screen, most of notebook computers by a specific shortcut keys adjust screen brightness, generally 6 to 8-level brightness adjustment.

(C) energy-saving settings

Desktop machines using alternating current, most people may not be the computer attached great importance to energy-saving features, but need to use battery-powered notebook computers, the use of energy-saving features should be taken seriously. How to design computer hardware more energy-efficient, this is not a user problem to be solved. The user can do is set up on the computer the effective use of energy-saving option.

Energy-saving settings require the user to adjust two: First, the computer’s BIOS setup program on the energy-saving mode in the settings; most important thing is there are many energy-saving in the operating system settings and operations. In the practical implementation of computer systems, Windows systems should take precedence over energy-saving settings in the CMOS settings.

1. BIOS in the energy-saving settings

In the CMOS settings, most had a “Power Savings”, which can choose to “Maximum Battery Life” and “Maximum Performance” and other options. “Maximum Battery Life” is the default power saving mode setting. Notebook computer power saving mode in several states, such as the Idle Mode Idle Mode, Standby Mode standby (wait) mode, Suspend Mode suspension (sleep) mode. Notebook computers, these settings have been able to regulate power consumption, mainly in the computer into energy-saving state, the timely closure of some without the use of the system equipment. If the wait state, turn off the screen and hard drive; into hibernation, apart from a close monitor and hard drive, but also the contents of memory can be saved to the hard disk, the basic maintenance of the entire computer system shut down, once activated, or restart the computer, desktop will be accurately restored to pre-hibernation state. The energy-saving settings in the CMOS, mainly set by the Idle Mode to enter Standby Mode to Standby Timeout time, set to enter Suspend Mode from Standby Mode to Suspend Timeout time. Phoenix BIOS notebooks are most common. Different energy-saving BIOS settings may be somewhat different, it should carefully read the screen prompts.

2. Windows in the energy-saving settings

For the average user, in the Windows system to operate a better understanding of energy management can be simpler. Windows Help file, in the “management of hardware and software” entries, there are two notebook computers with energy-saving elements relating to: “Managing energy consumption” and “use of portable machine” in the “management laptop on the power.” Energy-saving settings during Windows, should read the contents.

In the Windows “Control Panel”, click “power management”, you can open the “Power Management Properties” dialog box. In the “Power Management Properties” dialog box, should be “power scheme” is set to “Portable / Laptop” and reasonable arrangement “system waiting for”, “close the Monitors”, “Turn off hard disks” and other options for . Different computer can control the option to have some differences, the new factory and the latest computer software will be more workable options, detailed settings should be based on the computer’s own features and Windows Help files to carry out.

In addition, if your laptop built-in infrared port, not the time to ban it, it can be extended laptop battery life.

(D) alarm settings

Set battery alarm in time to give prompt the user to save the information. Way is to click on Open “Control Panel”, double-click “Power” option, point “alarm” menu bar, “low-battery alarm” column, Windows 98 default is 10%, “a serious shortage of the battery alarm” column, Windows 98 default is 3% can make the appropriate modifications as needed. Click both the [alarm response] button, the “voice alert” and “displays the message” are selected, “the power level” may from time to select. Alarm limits so that when the battery is used, it will pop up a warning window, and the alarm buzzer sounds to alert the user to save information on a timely manner. Finally click [OK] button to exit the power management settings.

(E) open the energy-saving function

In the “extended laptop battery life technology” section, we have introduced energy-saving feature is the use of a CPU technology, which allows the performance make notebook PCs to play with their ASUS EEE PC Battery life between the time to achieve the best balance.

Most new models of notebook computers both in the BIOS of the CPU energy-saving technology have given the support, by default is turned on, if not open as long as the enter the BIOS will support the option to open it OK.

(Vi) The use of third-party software to monitor battery status

In addition to Windows built-in power management features, there are many utilities available to monitor the battery condition. For example, PowerCenter is a power monitoring tool available for free download (http://me MBers.xoom.com / TimothyBug / powercenter / index.htm). Only 800KB, is designed for notebook computer services software. In addition to the amount of PowerCenter shows the percentage of battery, but also to show the actual time and hours of time can be used.

PowerCenter total of three kinds of display.

(1) FullDisplay: In the open window displays detailed information, including the use of battery or AC power, the battery percentage and the remaining time available.

(2) CompactDisplay: in use is always at the top of the window display.

(3) MinimizeDisplay: make PowerCenter reduced to the Windows task bar, display the information is relatively simple.

PowerCenter is also attached to a control center, can be made up to six kinds of warning. When the battery - down to a certain level, a timely warning to the user, save the file being processed. In order not to waste electricity and CPU resources, PowerCenter automatically detect the battery status changes.

(G) intentionally run out of battery

Run out of Dell INSPIRON 6000 Battery on a regular basis in order to ensure a full charge. If you need to completely run out of battery power in the specific practice is: In the Power Management dialog box, select Battery Drain this particular power mode, all of its 3 Running on Batteries options are set to Never, this notebook computer on the will continue to run. Select the mode, and then enter the Alarms tab to lift the Low Battery and Critical Battery Warning check box is a check mark (so, when the battery power is low, the machine will not enter the suspended state). Next, let the computer run the CPU-time tasks, such as the computer automatically run a number of computational complexity of the 3D demo program, so soon run out of battery power remaining, of course, these disposal not forget to unplug the AC plug.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a kind of micro-organisms as the anode catalyst, the chemical energy directly into electricity biological device. The use of MFC can not only directly in the water or sludge in the organic matter degradation, but also in microbial metabolism of organic compounds can be generated in the process transformed into an electronic current, to gain power [lj. Since Fes 10-reducing bacteria has been reported that the electrochemical activity, the study found no medium for the microbial fuel cell can be used to operate the bacteria sony pcga-bp2r laptop battery, as a renewable alternative energy sources and new sewage treatment methods, microbial fuel cell has given rise to of particular concern. I will focus on research and microbial fuel cell related internal parameters and to explore better ways of improvement, to improve the performance of microbial fuel cells.

A microbial fuel cell to obtain the power density

Due to the presence of a high resistance limits the maximum power density, therefore, from the microbial fuel cell to obtain the upper limit of the power levels still remain unknown. Several groups of studies have shown that microbial flora and fuel with similar microbial fuel cell can produce 10 times the difference between the number of maximum power density. Can be seen that the performance of microbial fuel cells and reactors from the configuration of factors related to the decision, such as the super-potential and resistance. Chemical fuel cells, microbial fuel cells with a higher number of 10 times the power density [lv〕. This is because the micro-device within the various system parameters to increase its resistance, such as water and organic nitrogen demand, anode catalyst and reactor configuration and so on. Therefore, the reactor must be optimized geometry and the electrolyte, thereby reducing the resistance and to the catalytic potential of microorganisms to maximize.

Two rate-limiting factor in microbial fuel cells

Like other fuel cells, micro fuel cell performance is by the current, power density and fuel oxidation rate decision. The factors that affect the fuel oxidation rate more, including the catalytic activity of the anode, fuel-proliferation, the spread of electrons and protons, and consumption.

2.1 The choice of anode catalyst micro-organisms

From the view of the composition of microbial fuel cell anode can be attached to micro-organisms and transmission of electronic, is to determine the microbial fuel cell produced electricity generation capacity is an important factor, is to study micro-organisms producing electrical and electronic transfer mechanism rationale an important supportive tool, so the microbial fuel cell anode study has very important significance.

Learned person in microbial fuel cells, activated sludge or anaerobic sludge digestion device, you can generate 0.6V open-circuit potential, closed-circuit when the current can be ignored. To the anode chamber to repeat the supply of fuel, 2 ~ 3 weeks, current can gradually reach a stable value. Analysis of the small ribosomal (165rDNA) showed that bacteria on the anode is different from the use of sludge as inoculum of the bacterial flora Qing〕. Concentrated microbial groups in terms of performance is determined by its dell inspiron 1525 laptop battery, concentrated the most suitable poly-microbial can improve fuel efficiency provided by and used under the given conditions to promote microbial fuel cells run successfully.

In the enrichment process, using pure culture of the microbial fuel cell electrode surface covered with biofilm. Forming microbial biofilm between cells and electrodes of electronic, you can through insoluble Fe3 10 as the electron acceptor to restore direct contact between the electronic transfer of Qing〕, or to pass through special pili. Some data indicate that some bacteria can produce a natural body of electronic flow, but flow of microbial fuel cell within the e-produce biological importance has attracted suspicion.

2.2 Proton mass transfer

Like with the chemical fuel cells, micro fuel cells are also used cation-exchange membrane, in microbial fuel cells proton mass will not be restricted, if the operation in similar conditions, microbial fuel cell anode catalytic activity than the activity of chemical fuel cells low. In general, the chemical fuel cells, microbial fuel cells can produce more than one nursing a height of about a few times the current density. Microbial fuel cell cathode proton consumption rate than the rate of transport through the membrane faster-ching〕, this difference may be caused by microbial fuel cells and fuel cells, the intrinsic chemical differences. Microbial fuel cell using a variety of inorganic compounds, in addition to things, as a fuel for the maintenance of microbial metabolism, while chemical fuel cell is a simple as fuel. Microbial fuel cell used in the chemical substances in the aqueous phase decomposition of cation, the concentration ratio of these cations under neutral pH, the proton concentration was significantly higher than a nursing-fold [2s mouth, they can interfere with transmembrane proton transport. Microbial fuel cells proton mass Another limiting factor is the water quality as the electrolyte solution of choice.

Rozendal, etc. verify the cathode chamber by a layer of the Nafion 117 membrane transport cation transport effect and the effect of microbial fuel cell performance honk〕. In the two-bedroom with a yin and yang of the microbial fuel cell, transported to the cathode from the anode chamber room to remove the proton (K +, Na +, NH death, Mg, +, Ca “+) cations outside the positive charge carried by the quantity and through Circuit transferred the same number of electrons. Analysis of microbial fuel cell from the film shows, K + and Na + membrane sulfonate residues account for about 74%. cation transport does not depend on the concentration gradient to complete, but an electrodialysis process. In fact, this means that there is no microbial fuel cell proton transport, mainly through the neutral cation transport, rather than proton transport to sustain. This phenomenon raises a range of electrochemical and microbiological the problem, which affected the efficient operation of microbial fuel cells. acidification in the anode chamber of the increase in anode potential while reducing the activity of microbial catalytic anode reaction, while the cathode chamber reduced the anodic potential is alkaline. you can go to film or containing low concentrations of cations with the electrolyte to avoid this cation a priority, rather than proton transfer.

Usually close-fitting manner microbial fuel cell to avoid the two electrodes short-circuit, this time to film the performance of microbial fuel cell to maximize Tian〕. As the cathode current room will salt or acid solution into the increase. This shows that the proliferation of protons in the aqueous phase is a slow process, with a high salt concentration in the electrolyte to the membrane microbial fuel cell in the proton diffusion rate of speed. As mentioned above, salts inhibit transmembrane proton transport, but the promotion of protons in the aqueous phase of the effective diffusion. In the microbial fuel cell with a membrane, using a reduced proton diffusion depth of the reactor and low-salt electrolyte can increase the anode proton transfer. Miniature microbial fuel cell performance increase may be caused by the diffusion caused by the depth of the reduction [28〕. As the cathode surface of the alkali, with limited buffering capacity of the cathode-electrolyte salt concentration in the low-value can lead to lower cathode potential. Using potassium permanganate as an electron acceptor, due to increases in the cation exchange membrane and cathode, casing-type microbial fuel cell power density can be as high 3987mw/mZ, two-room type than the 34.5 times higher than the microbial fuel cell. Permanganate used the double-pipe microbial fuel cell resistance to 51.Zn, while the two-room-type microbial fuel cells and 1623n.

From the above results can be seen that the proton mass is a microbial fuel cell of the main limiting factors, it is by increasing the battery’s internal resistance to influence the microbial hp pavilion zd8000 series laptop battery cell performance.

2.3 The oxygen reduction on the cathode

Oxygen is usually as a microbial fuel cell cathode reaction of the electron acceptor. Have confirmed that the oxygen reduction reaction is a weak microbial fuel cell optimum operating constraints. Commonly used electrode material is graphite, but for the oxygen reduction reaction is weak in terms of catalyst, because it has more than 6.69 / L of dissolved oxygen saturation value. This value is approximately saturated water vapor in the dissolved oxygen concentration of 80%. In order to improve the catalytic activity, usually platinum-modified graphite electrodes, this could make the saturation level of dissolved oxygen increased to 2.0mg / L, the resultant current is the maximum to do more than simply using graphite electrodes 3 to 4 times higher, but its large-scale applications are limited by cost constraints.

Usually cathode regulator - to increase the oxygen ferrocyanide is also the driving force. In the chemical fuel cells, researchers have examined a variety of materials and their mixtures to replace the expensive platinum cathode kiss〕. These materials include copper, gold, put / drill, key, tungsten and manganese, they use the redox properties of their respective cathode and oxygen in the electron transfer between the indirect. Also studied a 3-valent iron, complex drilling, magnesia coffee〕, etc., as microbial fuel cell cathode materials performance. However, as a microbial fuel cell cathode catalyst, most of them are not as good as platinum and high efficiency. Its effectiveness as a cathode catalyst for the most critical criteria is their affinity for oxygen, which show affinity for the cathodic reaction of dissolved oxygen saturation concentration or K. Value, because the resulting current intensity and the concentration of dissolved oxygen showed a dynamic relationship between horses 3 ‘1 2:.

In the enzyme fuel cell [sa〕〕 coffee and microbial fuel cells has been used oxygen reductase - catalase and peroxidase as a cathode catalyst. Aerobic respiratory electron transport system, the end of the oxidase on the molecular oxygen affinity than any known chemical catalyst for the high. Therefore, the aerobic bacteria in the 0.1mg / L of low dissolved oxygen concentrations have the greatest ability to breathe. To this end, the study focus on that as a cathode catalyst on the aerobic bacteria. Cathode biofilm development on improving the overall performance of microbial fuel cells have a significant role.

Closed-loop conditions, the bacteria formed on the cathode is different from the open-loop conditions, the bacteria on the cathode. In seawater and freshwater sediment microbial fuel cell [3s · 36〕 and man-made water-bed-type microbial fuel cell foot〕 also conducted the same monitoring. Bergel, etc. found in sea water corrosion in the formation of biofilm coated stainless steel cathodes, hydrogen fuel cells do get 0.32w / m, the power density [3s “.

2.4 electron acceptor other than oxygen

In addition to the aforementioned ferrocyanide, the permanganate can be used as an electron acceptor. Cathode with potassium permanganate as an electron acceptor (oxidizer) and two-bedroom-type microbial fuel cell can generate a maximum of 115.6mw / m “of the power density, than with ferrocyanide (power density of 25.6 mw / mZ) and oxygen (power density 10.2mw/mZ) as electron acceptor resulting from the high power density, respectively 4.5 times and 11.3 times. This is due to microbial fuel cells permanganate provides a higher open-circuit potential. These results indicate that the cathode reaction also affect the microbial fuel cell applications, an important factor.

3 microbial fuel cell applications in wastewater treatment

In wastewater treatment, microbial fuel cell with the existing methods do not possess several advantages. In the wastewater treatment process, the microbial fuel cell can be used as an energy power restoration, addition, in more stable conditions than in aerobic treatment can also produce less sludge.

The microbes in the aerobic treatment of organic pollutants carried by the use of all the energy, while the microbial fuel cell in the growth of microorganisms in these energy consuming only a small part of most of the conversion to electricity. Assuming a redox potential of 0.32V under the electrons from the contaminants passed to adjoin Sa nucleotide, using oxygen as an electron acceptor end, then the energy of pollutants carried by approximately 1 / 3 is the use of micro-organisms, and the rest 2 / 3 into electricity. This proves that micro-organisms in wastewater treatment sludge from the fuel cell can be substantial savings to address the capital. In different operating conditions, glucose and water half-saturation constant (K,), respectively 79 a 103mg / L and 461 ~ 719mg / L vary. Note these values in order to achieve the required effluent standards, microbial fuel cell to be the most suitable operating conditions of fuel concentrations. Because of this, optimization of microbial fuel cell can not only enhance output power, but also by detecting the quality of effluents to deal effectively with waste water.

4 Conclusion

Microbial fuel cell is a kind of repair to use the energy from sewage novel method of sewage treatment. The performance of microbial fuel cells by its resistance to impact, such resistance is the proton mass and the weak cathode caused by the oxygen reduction reaction. Protons in the aqueous phase of the transport rate is very slow, in the hollow fiber reactor to improve the proton transfer between two poles of yin and yang can minimize the depth of the proton transfer, thereby reducing the resistance.

Cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and the concentration of dissolved oxygen into a unipolar response relationship. Used with a cathode can improve the aerobic performance of fuel cells. Appropriate aggregation of concentrated cathode micro-organisms can be further enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics.

As the microbial fuel cell operating conditions with a moderate resource-efficient and pollution-free, etc., has given rise to energy, environment, space and other concerns, the current micro-device has been applied to biochemical oxygen demand sensor cafe ‘. 〕. Through this improvement, greatly enhanced the performance of microbial fuel cells. With further in-depth study, which in sewage treatment as well as other aspects of the application will become an apple 15-inch powerbook g4 laptop battery.

I believe attention to the cause of the development of China Battery readers still remembers how, early in 2006 in a remarkable message: After careful trial, the Beijing High Court on the new Leader Battery Co., Ltd v. National Patent Reexamination Board to make a final ruling that the case: the trial decision error of fact, the appellant the new Leader’s main grounds of appeal set up to support his appeal request to revoke the first-instance ruling and the State Intellectual Property Office of Patent Reexamination Board’s decision to maintain the name “mercury-free alkaline New Zealand-shaped batteries” , Patent No. 01,234,722.1 the utility model patent valid. See the news readers sigh of relief, thinking that this means that in China, and the world the battery has an important significance in the history of mercury-free button the dust has settled patent ownership of China’s mercury-free battery development will move toward a virtuous development. However, the surprise is that this began in 2002, the final nail on the controversy over the end of 2005, but it is far from over, in the next four years, still in the endless continuity. 8 years, three lawsuits, two to reverse the verdict, but ultimately did not reach a conclusion, should have the benefit of all inventions, but until now hanging in the air, not only failed to bring to the enterprise in the interests of the imagination, but will be a drag the burden of its development, the desolate Jiaoren Nankeyimeng can not help but distraught. Why is a clear structure and determined that a clear, meaning an important inventions will lead to so many intertwined? What exactly has hidden behind this hidden secret that something? Mercury-free batteries is very important to mankind, because of mercury products, including the threat of mercury batteries inside the health of people around the world. It is reported that a New Zealand-style micro-mercury alkaline batteries can be contaminated water is 600,000 liters, equivalent to the amount of drinking water a person’s life. Although in 1995, the United States and Europe have issued a ban on the sale of mercury-containing batteries with the relevant provisions, clearly defined, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries can not be added mercury and mercury content of no more than 0.0005% of total cells, but because the world has no technology can produce mercury-free button batteries, button cells can only allow mercury content of no more than 2% of the total mass of the HP PAVILION DV9000 SERIES Battery. The export volume of China’s battery has been for several years accounted for more than half of the total international battery. Keeping with international standards, in 1997 the Chinese government issued “on the limitation provisions of mercury batteries” and other series of measures. China’s battery industry in a short span of two or three years, research on the adoption of technology to solve the mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese batteries the issue. However, the face of ever-increasing amount of button batteries, the world without a corresponding solution. In other countries, more than a decade in Japan and the United States, Europe and other well-known battery manufacturers of mercury-free button cell mercury-free overtaken by a large number of studies. However, there are technical problems are not resolved, there is no one company can successfully produce mercury-free alkaline button batteries, resulting in the global market has been the use of mercury-containing alkaline button batteries. Button cell 1 billion each year by the production and use, so that China and the rest of the world people are still faced with the danger of mercury exposure. The battery industry finally came good news. Mercury-free button batteries after numerous failures, the new Leader Battery Co., Ltd was finally in 2000, the initial success. October 3, 2002, the new Leader for the “mercury-free alkaline button batteries” utility model patents successfully been authorized. In order to avoid patent issues encountered in overseas markets in the first time, the company again sync in the United States, Germany, Britain and other EU countries have applied for a number of the patent. As a long time in the world coin battery industry has been plagued by excessive mercury content, although many well-known companies before in the field research breakthroughs, but did not succeed. Therefore, the first one to eat crab new Lida was in the hands of the right to speak in this industry. In accordance with the then estimated that if the day of the production budget of only non-Ersanqianwan button cell, then a month’s output is 7-10 million. There is also a month’s output of more than billion yuan, the new company plans IPO Leader, developed into a million or more large enterprises. Clearly, this is a huge market. At home and abroad, production is not a new coin battery Lida an enterprise, while facing the new Leader of the invention, apart from the envy of some of our competitors, there is also a trace of worry: because the current New Leader has applied for a patent, it also mean that the only new Leader, or the right to possess the technology to master, then in accordance with regulations, and other competitors can only stay away from this piece of a broad market. In order to obtain this piece of the market, individual infringer, drilling the legal loophole, the use of patent reexamination system, make the patent invalid request, would like to eat the inventor of the patent free of charge. New Leader on the market soon found a large number of simulated mercury-free button batteries, and took away a lot of customers. Even stranger things yet to come. On the new Elite has not taken measures to safeguard their own legitimate rights, infringing enterprises blame to the national patent for a new Committee on Lida patent invalid request. Request to annul the new Leader of patents a company in Guangdong. Cylindrical type batteries that since as early as 90 years in China had realized the mercury-free technology, the new Leader of the button cell shape change though, but the principle has not changed is the battery able to think of the field of technical staff in general and to do technology. The new Leader of the patent is obviously not creative. An application declared the patent invalid. In order to give in is the new Leader in 2003, in March, infringing the company’s head has engaged the person in charge to meet the new Leader. Stress required to share the patent with the new Leader, otherwise the application for a patent invalid, to become public knowledge technology, which means that any one company can be involved in this market. “Your patent is an antique vase, this is very valuable antiques, you cooperate with me, free me half of the value of the antiques are still, you still have half, but if co-owned with my, I have the ability to play this antique broken, it is not worth a penny. ” Each other’s unreasonable demands and threats of new Lida was immediately refused, as the new Leader firmly believed that his inventions will be patent law should be protected. However, the result was unexpected. In May 2004, the State Intellectual Property Office, the Patent Reexamination Board with a new patented product Lida button cell structure and has no substantive difference between the structure and its mercury-free alkaline manganese COMPAQ BUSINESS NOTEBOOK NC4000 Battery technology and cylindrical similar as the basis, so out a declaration of “mercury-free alkaline button-shaped batteries” utility model patent is invalid decision. The outcome, the new Leader’s dissatisfied, then to the Beijing Municipal No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court proceedings, the Patent Reexamination Board to court. However, the Court of First Instance is still admissible criterion of the Patent Reexamination Board made a decision to maintain the patent invalid. Then again stress patent infringer of people have signed an exclusive patent license contract for free, such as signed by the infringer also have this patent, can guarantee that the patent valid, do not sign the formal null and void. Patentee refused, then hit the Beijing High Court lawsuit. After careful trial, December 20, 2005, the Beijing High Court made final: it removes the first-instance ruling and the State Intellectual Property Office of Patent Reexamination Board’s decision to maintain the name “mercury-free alkaline button-shaped batteries”, Patent No. bits of the utility model patent for the 123,456,722.1 effective. A dramatic scene appeared, in the High Court of Final Appeal ruling, the infringing party to launch a second invalid undo the action, but the applicant changed to the secretary of the company’s CEOs. So in the next three years, the new Leader had to repeat the previous process until August 22, 2008 the Beijing Municipal Higher People’s Court again rejected the Patent Reexamination Board, as well as a Beijing Intermediate People’s Court’s decision. China has an old saying called Shibuguosan. However, it appeared to be very persistent opponent. In 2008, the infringing party has repeatedly brought back to the Patent Reexamination Board invalid. Shocking in June this year, the Patent Reexamination Board to determine the third time the patent is invalid. Lida that the new mercury-free technology is the cell area of general and technical personnel in Japan, the technical basis of unsuccessful easy to think of technology, there is no creativity, now the new Leader has been to the Beijing Municipal Intermediate People’s Court proceedings. As a blank to fill in the world, to bring the Gospel to the world of environmental protection, giving Chinese companies opportunities invention, it has experienced eight years of marathon litigation. Year after year, the lawsuit should have not only failed to bring benefits to the inventor, but has become a burden at all times Jiaoren lazy. At the same time, in the endless litigation under the influence of the development of enterprises greatly damage. Due to the adverse effects of litigation, making the market a new image of Lida affected, more than 50% of orders have been infringed away, product prices fell more than 30%, resulting in the profit is very low. The new Leader of the dream do not know when the listing can be achieved. The competitors have a new Leader malicious invalid patents obtained in the course a lot of benefits, the business seems to have done in full swing. In an appearance of legitimacy from the patent is invalid case, we can not help but send questions: Who will protect the rights of the inventor? For this case, some experts believe that market competition is a double-edged sword, bringing vitality to the market at the same time, it also brings risks. Without the constraints of the disorderly competition will not only upset the market, and even the market will bring disaster. And because a number of legal measures, imperfect, leading some people have an opportunity infringement, in order to seek their own selfish desires at the expense of relationships and the use of means of coercion to eat the patentee’s patent, really daunting! Battery industry believe that the Chinese a leading global, the world’s major contribution to environmental protection SONY VGP-BPS9/B Battery is a patent can not be established to make the reasons for invalidation of the three-day decisions, leading to ownership of independent innovation of enterprises received only eight years, the patent is invalid Dabu Wan lawsuit, infringement, unless the long-term large-scale infringement, even more terrifying is the franchise you want to eat like triad means, so that one would have a bright future development of enterprises, the gradual loss of competitiveness. SIPO Patent Reexamination made by members of the three-day review of the decision null and void, you can act against each other with the Court, but not appropriate departments to monitor, and now there is corruption in society, culture, hope that the Central and the State Council leaders will pay attention to this innovation intellectual property rights have been three-day non-normal conditions is invalid, Save China’s own innovative enterprises.

Open a new pair of socks, how to deal with the remaining packaging?

The life of a common scenario, in fact, the classification problem of litter. Take a look at the practice of Zhengzhou environmentalists, you may be surprised to find there. If you agree with their approach, please be like them, bit by bit from the start in life.

■ Chinese Commercial News reporters Zheng Xiao and Qian Gaoyun

Depressed

Divided into many different types of waste eventually mixing the

Yesterday saw the Chinese Commercial News of used batteries on the way out of the reports, Mr. Zheng Zhouzhang call the hotline, said green living, waste batteries hidden behind the fact of a larger problem, it is trash.

6 years ago, released a set of data so impressed by Mr. Zhang, China’s municipal waste output up 200 million tons, and each year to 8% ~ 9% growth rate.

200 million tons, this huge number, so that Mr. Zhang Dunsheng a fear of being surrounded by garbage.

Since that time, he would pay special attention to the litter problem, and insisted on waste separation at home. The kitchen to produce food residue, never mingled with the other IBM THINKPAD R31 SERIES Battery.

However, Mr. Zhang depressed to find that, in the final good type of garbage bags, only a trash mouth “shelter” them, he specially marked garbage bags on the good types, placed in bins next to garbage trucks, etc. come, or a pot of Stew it, all thrown on the train.

The streets of recyclable garbage Daoshi points can not be recovered, but the other cleaners to collect when they are brought together in a very intimate.

Mr Cheung said: “Now, I mention a waste separation at home, the wife and kids would laugh at me, said I was enthusiastic about.”

Action

Socks, bags classified into three types of litter

Mr. Zhang’s distress, Friends of Nature group Xiao-Jing Yang, Henan has also shared his feelings.

But she said that we can not decide on a city’s waste disposal process, then start with themselves, to minimize waste generation.

“It’s nothing difficult, that is, paper, plastic, metal and other junk store different categories.” Xiao-Jing Yang said, we can effectively reduce the amount of garbage manufacturing.

Looked at the simple things, but must pay attention to all aspects. YANG Xiao-jing, for example, she was apart a pair of new socks, trademarks, will be put into paper trash baskets, and plastic supports, then put into plastic bags, the regular use big iron clamp although only a grain of rice would be sent to metal trash baskets.

Try

In the domestic vermicomposting garbage

Separation of recyclable waste, the rest of the garbage on the fling do?

YANG Xiao-jing can be reconciled to that, she played a domesticated earthworms - the living room in her home a corner of them the three plastic barrels of “garbage”, which can be seen from time to time of a reddish-brown flesh Hu Hu earthworm peristalsis.

“Do not belittle these worms, they eat garbage, and Latin America were all ‘black gold’, is able to effectively increase soil fertility, organic fertilizer.” Said Xiao-Jing Yang.

Xiao-Jing Yang said that in the municipal solid waste in a larger eco-environmental hazards and can not be recovered, that is, left the kitchen garbage.

The peel, leaves, leftovers, etc., are earthworm like delicious, after they break down, the pollution of the environment of the waste becomes organic fertilizer to protect the environment.

Raising earthworms in the process of recording a large number of diary YANG Xiao-jing, understanding the living habits of earthworm. Also wrote an essay on earthworms fairy tale “a worm’s monologue” has invited an illustrator of fairy tales with maps, links and publishing houses are now publishing thing.

“I hope that more people, especially children about earthworms, it is best to earthworms as pets at home to support.” Xiao-Jing Yang said.

Vision

Hoping to find a community to work together to support earthworms

Today, Xiao-Jing Yang is leading on a project - “Love Me Green” friendly ACER ASPIRE 3050 Battery.

Xiao-Jing Yang said: “What we want to find a community co-operation, emphasizing interpersonal harmony here between man and nature in harmony.”

A breakthrough is to start with waste separation began.

“From our team more than three months of practice, this earthworm is indeed skilled handling of garbage, if the entire community can be adapted to local conditions to support earthworms handling garbage, half of the domestic waste will be able to be digested in-situ treatment.” Xiao-Jing Yang said, they want to, residents raise earthworms in the family, community green spaces in the outdoor side of raising earthworms, two lines go hand in hand, common to urban living garbage “war.” At present, the project team already has 2.5 acres of earthworm breeding base.

Not only that, they also plan and the community to explore the battery lease, environmental education and other projects.

“However, these also are the ideas that we are applying for project funding, but the most needed, is to find a community willing to cooperate.” Xiao-Jing Yang said, trash, they are actually misplaced resources.

■ News Background

0 years of struggling, Zhengzhou trash

Started in 1999 in Zhengzhou

Speaking of garbage classification, Zhengzhou Municipal Bureau of Environmental Sanitation Management Law Enforcement everywhere longer than the courtier very helpless, “across the country have not been successful in precedent.”

He recalled trying to trash our province the tortuous course of:

In 2000, the Ministry of Construction choose eight cities across the country as a pilot project to promote waste separation. Zhengzhou, although not in the eight cities in the list, but early step to set off a trash propaganda.

October 26, 1999, Zhengzhou City, was held at the Greentown Square, “not to pollution into the 21st century” public good publicity on environmental protection, calling on the city to recover the used batteries to make a breakthrough, and gradually to promote waste separation.

After the trash promotional activities continued in Zhengzhou. In early 2001, zhengzhou shi guan cheng North Street offices were established under the US-led pilot, a number of trash containers in the office under the jurisdiction of the community first “posts.” At present, Zhengzhou City, the roads are put next to the classification bin.

Can be the first line of the road, at the courtier gradually feel “walk by.” Up to now, in the waste classification, our country did not become immortal repair of a city.

The three major stumbling block highway

Garbage classification difficulties, difficulties in the courtier to sum up as follows: no protection of the laws and regulations, classification standards inadequate, the investment of the main three areas is not clear.

Throughout the country there is no specific legal protection, depends on the people to voluntarily and consciously to serve their refuse, which test the public’s “consciousness.”

Classification criteria of the imperfect, not only members of the public scratching their heads, even in the courtier is difficult to choose.

Trash will be collected by the end of a mixture of mixed waste disposal, rather classified waste disposal must also require large investments. “Yes the government pays the bill, or take the market-oriented path of success in China has not set a precedent.” In his view, Zhengzhou Category Sansibaiwan human waste disposal needs of the organization of specialized sorting, “This huge expenditure is also definitely better than the road cleaning fee very high. ”

Screening look before throwing garbage

In the waste separation has not formed the premise of the social system and norms, “we are currently only trash hopes to enhance the public awareness.” On the courtier said.

Yu advised the public to deal with the litter courtiers before a round of sorting. Waste paper, plastic bottles, glass bottles, scrap metal, clothing, timber, and the like should first be screened out, sell recycling personnel, this could make some Dell INSPIRON 510M Battery recycling.

【China Coating Online News U.S. scientists at Stanford University, made the use of nanotechnology-based fast-ordinary office paper for ultra-lightweight, flexible battery or super capacitor. Related Articles published in this week’s U.S. “National Academy of Sciences” on-line edition.

Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University assistant professor Yi Cui (phonetic) said it would provide a paper covered with silver nanowires with carbon nanotubes and coating raw materials can be turned into a good conductive energy storage device. He said that these nano-materials with a diameter of a small three-dimensional structure, which enable nano-materials, dressing more closely attached to the surface of the paper fibers, making a more durable battery or super capacitor. This paper can achieve a super capacitor, or 40000 times charge-discharge cycles, or at least comparable to the number of lithium battery charge and discharge an order of magnitude higher. The nano-materials, more efficient charge transfer can also make it more advantages than conventional capacitors, the effect would be better.

Research team tried a plastic substrate made of nano-materials for energy storage devices, dressings and paper and as a close bond resistance, this paper as the base of the battery than the battery more durable plastic substrate. More importantly, the paper batteries are not afraid of crumple and fold, or even their being immersed in acidic solution, it will not affect performance, but also to effectively reduce production costs.

Cui Yi, said paper-based flexibility to achieve a variety of intelligent applications, such as brushes can be such a high electrical conductivity of the dressing smear on the wall above, and its fast becoming a large-scale energy storage device. When it with light-emitting diode (LED) and so connected, it can provide sufficient electricity for the LED source. In addition, this technology can be used for power distribution networks, will generate surplus electricity at night up centralized storage and ease pressure on electricity during the day time peak. In the wind farms and solar energy storage systems can also achieve similar applications. It is worth noting that the paper super capacitor may also be used to electric or hybrid vehicles into. Two kinds of cars depends on the rapid transmission of electricity, while the paper capacitor high ratio of surface area and volume, which created its presence in the automotive application of a great advantage.

As a leader in nanotechnology, the University of California at Berkeley professor of chemistry Peidong Yang, said the technology’s ability to achieve in the short term commercial potential. He believes that this technology will not just be limited to the field of energy storage devices, and its low cost and flexible properties make it fit with any electrical device electrode, the prospects quite broad. More importantly, we can use the most common life of the paper as a substrate, through a simple process,  apple ibook g4 14-inch series laptop battery made of conductive features strong, which will fundamentally nanotechnology will be linked with people’s daily lives.

51 years ago, the Red River state’s first battery factory - Mengzi Mengzi battery factory was established in 1995, changed its name to 999 Battery Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as 39 battery factory); 10 years ago, a preliminary stage only 15 employees enterprise development, production value of nearly a billion, more than 2,000 employees in Mengzi County pillar industries. 7 years ago, the economic benefits of the national industries have been Wenju second loss of the enterprise began to appear; Last year, the 999 cell mark of 27 million to Hangzhou, a salesman who cheapens the price of a battery factory. In November this year, once a brilliant 999 Battery Co., Ltd. formal entry into bankruptcy liquidation proceedings. From the factory to close down a full 51 years, a former battery factory 39 - died.

Oida memory scenes in the booming

December 5, sunny, in front of car to drive to the streets, stirring up a dust. 39 battery plant defense Laoxiao (a pseudonym) to defend the room sitting inside drinking tea, when bored to hand, looking through the table of old magazines. Basically, he need not worry about their own security work, because this time there will be no people to the battery factory.

Laoxiao not old, only because he felt had been done in the yard inside the 20 years, suddenly felt old.

Since November of this year, 39 battery factory entered bankruptcy liquidation proceedings, the original factory having more than 2,000 employees, leaving more than 40 staff, to do to defend the Lao Xiao is one of them. “In order to give the workers made cost of living, yard equipment inside basically sold out, and had not left anything.” Lao Xiao said.

Oida this year, more than 50 years old, still living the single life. Be able to write articles, he left the yard in 2004, later, in Mengzi County Economic Development Zone of a Secretary of finding a job.

As Mengzi local educated youth, the end of 1978, Oida into 39 battery factory work, entered the shop at the time involved in battery production. He said the battery factory was April 20, 1958 established by the beginning of the plant is built, rented a 200 sq m of houses to do factory workers is only 15. Equipment is also very simple, there are three Wagang, a Otikpo table, a cup and a voltage meter. The first director of TAM Chi-sheng to bring everyone over 36 times trial, and finally made into compaq armada 7400 laptop battery.

In 1964, the battery factory in Guangzhou to introduce the technology Wing-yue battery factory and some equipment to play horizontal playing electric batteries to replace the manual, mechanized production and gradually replace the manual, R20-type batteries fully closed officially come out this year, ” 999 “brand opened officially registered trademark.

Due to various reasons, 39 battery plant development has been relatively slow until the last century, 80 years, the government’s support, yard suddenly the fire, and an annual output of the battery to reach 33.04 million. In 1989, the factory covers an area of increase of more than 40,000 square meters, employees reached 1055 people, producing batteries 102.9067 million, the products are sold inside and outside the province, hundreds of counties, cities and export in Vietnam.

The most glorious time in 1995, the then renamed as the 999 Battery Co. battery factory, when workers have more than 2,000 people, more than 200 million batteries annually, with nearly billion in business output.

“In the 39 battery factory jobs, you are very busy every day.” When asked why he has never married, Oida said, when every day is busy, and basically had no time to Qupei his lover, breaking up is too normal.

The first technological transformation and enterprise restructuring

The last century, the early 90s, vigorous state-owned enterprise reform and sweeping river north and south, which also includes the reform of enterprise technology. Mengzi County when he was growing Yao Lee, said the then 39 battery plant is Mengzi’s pillar industry, in 1992, the provincial leadership’s support, battery factory to increase production capacity expansion of the technological change, the introduction of a batch of equipment from Shanghai . The total investment is 35.06 million yuan, annual production of 200 million batteries technical transformation project implementation, fully completed and commissioned in 1995. The then Governor He Zhiqiang who have hp f4486b laptop battery factory inscription: “Development of high-tech, bold and open up domestic and international market.”

Oida at that time have been assigned to participate in technical innovation. For that technological transformation, Oida, said the equipment was all imported China-made equipment, the production of the batteries is also a traditional paste-type zinc-manganese dry batteries, such batteries generally used in flashlights, is a large battery. This time, the results of technical innovation has also been named the State Economic and Trade Commission Award for outstanding technical innovation. First technological transformation, the 39 battery plant’s annual output suddenly increased to 200 million, though this industry is low value-added industries, and each cell’s net profit is only a few cents, but the volume up, the benefit comes on Therefore, when the output value of nearly billion business.

Oida said that in this technological transformation before and after the 39 battery factory received many honors, 1992, 1993, 1994, for three consecutive years was voted as a hundred enterprises in Yunnan Province, in 1994, economic ranks second in the industry, star enterprise attracted national frontier Vietnam, Burma, Japan, Laos and other countries to visit friends, the products also sell well in domestic 16 provinces and cities, are exported to various countries in Southeast Asia and Africa. In 1997, the “999″ brand battery has been selected as the first province of Yunnan, brand-name products, access to national import and export right. In 2000, export sales reached 39.4 million yuan.

For the first technical innovation, a former battery factory engineers packet 39 has its own strong views, packet-keung said the first technical transformation from a business point of view, because the output is indeed a substantial increase, so that businesses look very prosperous, but the From a purely technical point of view, the first technological transformation was not successful. Because the first technical innovation is the use of traditional craft production of traditional batteries, science and technology content is very low.

Technological transformation was successful, but in the technical transformation of enterprises before and after restructuring have not been so lucky.

Mengzi County, former deputy head of MAO Cheng-wei said at the time of the restructuring program, state-owned assets, 51%, while the shares owned by employees of the factory 49%. When most employees are unwilling to shareholders, in order to be able to restructuring continues, the factory has taken from each person’s wages were deducted money paid for shares of the approach, in disguise forced employees to buy shares. In his view, the 1995 restructuring due to the prevailing level of policy conditions and restrictions that significantly restructured with the transitional nature of the left tail of the old system, strictly speaking, is an incomplete conversion.

The second technical innovation fatal

For the first time after the reform, corporate suddenly fire up, but with the development of the times, the original equipment behind the competitiveness of enterprises resulting from lack of highlights. The most intuitive is that with the popularity of pagers than 1, the battery 5, a small, 7 batteries surge in market demand.

Package-keung said the end of the century, pagers most popular, and sony vgp-bps9 laptop battery plant to produce only applies to No. 1 flashlight batteries, in order to seize the market, 39 rocket battery factory in cooperation with South Korea decided to introduce a set of South Korean production line. This is the 39 battery plant’s second technical innovation. In 2002, a total investment of 37.95 million yuan, annual production of 45 million mercury-free alkaline battery technology projects in operation. “It is this time, technical innovation has accelerated the death of 39 battery factory.” Package strong view.

“The first time a total investment of technical innovation nearly 4,000 million, technological transformation of the money is borrowed, the technological transformation after the enterprise is profitable, but the first time technical transformation of the debt is not repaid, immediately proceeded to the second technical innovation in a short time the two technical transformation depleted 39 battery plant family belongings. “a worker who requested anonymity told this reporter, the second technological transformation started in 2002, but the project from start to final production , for a whole spent three years, three years is the golden age of trumpet battery sales, to put into operation in 2005 when the pager out of rivers and lakes, cell phones have been popular, trumpet sale of a sudden the battery into a bottleneck period. Year after commissioning of new technology projects sales of 10 million, only the project design capacity of 45 million a quarter, the average annual working hours in less than three months and spend huge amounts of money from South Korea to introduce the production line is idle, the staff jokingly its is “Sleeping Beauty.”

Pale, self-help measures

39 battery factory in 2002 for the first time at a loss this year, the second technical innovation has just begun a sharp decline in the effectiveness of the entire plant, the production line the vacancy situation, all workers had to implement a rest rotation. Most of the workers can only work six months a year, the staff’s basic salary can not be paid on time, only to work within a period of time to receive a number of attendance wages.

“We plant the burden too heavy, a total of more than 2000 staff numbers, except for temporary, full-time staff only 1,500 people, while the retirees, there are more than 600 people, the real work, only a few hundred people.” When talking about yard just down situation, Oida said that in his opinion, this is one of the reasons closure yard.

In 2003, in order to save themselves, 39 battery factory has set up a real estate development company, and purchased a piece of land, but the development phase, funding became a problem, Left, under real estate company had to reluctantly part with, transfer of land to another property developers. Although the process of changing hands earned 300 million yuan, but this is a serious loss for the 39 battery plant, the same as in the drop in the bucket.

April 30, 2005, 39 battery factory completely stop production. In addition to all the workers to stay more than 40 people, the other all the laid-off. Some people moved to other plants, some into the government agencies, there is no technology or expertise to the living conditions of people worrying and can only receive a monthly 156 yuan living expenses. “The money is even lower than the minimal needs Mengzi.” Oida said.

Late last year, 39 battery plant his own mark of 27 million sold a battery factory in Hangzhou, but the battery factory for the 39 people who, now 39 batteries, and they have no relationship.

The Rise and Fall

Established in 1958, rented 200 square meters factory houses do, employees 15 people, equipment: 3 Wagang, a Otikpo table, a cup and a voltage meter, 36 times trial made four batteries

1964, R20-type battery officially come out fully closed, “999″ brand opened officially registered

1989 factory covers an area of 4 thousand square meters, employees 1055 people, producing batteries 102.9067 million, the products are sold at home and abroad

Economic sectors in 1994, ranks second in

In 1995, more than 2,000 employees and an annual output of more than 200 million  acer batcl50l laptop batteries, with nearly billion in business output

1997 “999″ brand battery has been selected as the first province of Yunnan, brand-name products, the right of access to national import and export

Export sales in 2000 reached 39.4 million yuan

A loss for the first time in 2002, the production line of the vacancy, workers are forced to undertake a rest rotation

April 30, 2005, the complete shutdown, more than 40 employees stay, the rest of laid-off

The end of 2008, 999 cells at 27 million mark to the salesman who cheapens the price of a battery factory, Hangzhou

In November 2009, formally entered bankruptcy liquidation proceedings

■ Follow-up

“39″ collapse in the end what causes it? This problem, each person’s opinion.

What causes a “39″ closure

Marketing mistakes trademark does not protect the

39 battery factory in the marketing department for many years Mr. Chang said the company in marketing there are a lot of mistakes. For example, he said, 1, 2 batteries this should be targeted at the rural market, 5, 7, the battery should be targeted in this town, 39 battery factory has not targeted their marketing policy. Preferential policies for the various regions are not the same, the wholesale price and dealer profits are not the same, resulting in the phenomenon of Chuanhuo more serious once the market situation is very chaotic.

This one in particular, export, 39 battery factory’s products in addition to domestic sales, it also exported to Southeast Asia, while exports were once the company’s biggest profit source, the most important is the Laos, the largest export when the battery more than 7000 million . However, in August 2004, 39 Battery trademark in Laos have been maliciously registered by, and apply for Laos’s domestic intellectual property protection for the record. After the trademark is registered by the Lao government below, to prohibit sales of 39 batteries in Laos, since trademark does not protect well, 39 battery factory that has 20 years to lose the Lao market.

Technological transformation led to a short interval of the two higher operating costs

Oida considered to be the failure of technical innovation, in their view, because of the two technological transformation interval is too short, too much capital investment in technological reform, and the two technological transformation is not considered a real success, the benefits of technical innovation can not compete technological transformation is proportional to the input, resulting in higher costs of business operations and ultimately lead to failure.

The second year technology projects can not put into use

MAO Cheng-Wei believes that state-owned enterprises system eventually led to the death of 39 battery factory. In their view, 39 Battery Factory is a state-run old plant, the largest proportion of state-owned capital, the first conversion did not change completely, left a number of problems, to the development of enterprises brought some hidden dangers. In the second technical innovation, if not too much red tape, if we can not put into operation during the year, then the 39 battery factory to catch up with the sales of the golden era, perhaps this company would not have come to such an extent .

In fact, the clearest reason for the collapse of the current 999 Battery Co., Ltd., Li Zhizhong, the reporter rang his phone, but he refused the interview.

This year in November, dell inspiron 1200 laptop battery factory has entered bankruptcy liquidation proceedings, Mengzi County People’s Court accepted the 39 battery factory has been placed on file the application for liquidation bankruptcy. In fact, the most prosperous time of 39 battery factory, domestic well Deer, South-fu, Duracell batteries and many other brands compete with each other. Now, 39 bankruptcy, and Duracell have lost sight of Deer are rarely able to see. Only the strongest Nanfu become peers. It is understood that Nanfu battery plant is established, the registered capital of only 2 million yuan.

Currently on the market more than 90% of the electric car more than this standard, which means that more than ten days, the majority of electric bicycles will be on the license, drivers need to test driver’s license.

Electric bicycle motor vehicles to be on the Road? National Standards Commission recently released the “electric car new national standard,” caused a great stir.

The State Bureau of Quality Supervision Management Committee under the National Institute of Standards recently released the “electric motorcycle and electric mopeds general technical conditions” will next come into operation on January 1. Click here to national standards, “vehicle weight of 40 kg or more per hour over 20 kilometers of electric bicycles, electric motorcycles would go into the light or the electric motorcycle, classified as motor vehicles category.” According to industry sources, currently on the market more than 90% of the electric car more than this standard, which means that more than ten days, the majority of electric bicycles will be on the license, drivers need to test driver’s license.

“This is a standard introduction, the sales dropped by 50% or more, dealers are afraid to pick up the.” Luyuan Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. Chairman and Director of the Office Ding December 7 to the “Daily Economic News” said.

If you press the standard implementation, in addition to 120 million electric car owners affected, the more than 2,000 electric vehicles manufacturing industry may face a new round of reshuffle. Professional Committee of China Bicycle Association, Bicycle chairman Lu Chin-lung to the “Daily Economic News”, said motorcycle license in accordance with enterprise access threshold, currently more than 2,000 electric cars in the vast majority of SMEs are enterprises not up to standard due to be forced to closed.

It is understood that the association has been the standard commission to submit report on suspension of implementation of the new national standard, as of December 7 press time, the national standard committee is also the absence of relevant position.

Dealers did not dare pick up the

“Now young man riding a bike can achieve this speed, then low, and who buys it?” An electric car dealers said.

A certain brand of electric bicycle vendors, Yang is also very fears, he Haidian District, Beijing Xiao Xitian near a larger store, the average monthly sales of 300 units or so. “Now people are asking to buy a car, you have to do on this car brand ah? Driver’s license or not ah?” Yang the boss of the “Daily Economic News” said that he did not know how to respond. To be sure, ask the majority of people who do not choose to buy, Yang owner, said this month, sales dropped by at least 20%.

December 7, a number of electric car companies interviewed said there have been significant effect on sales. “This is a standard introduction, we are affected by large-sale terminals, has clearly reflected in the end had a small season, but late in November, from the sale of terminal feedback situation, the sales dropped by 50%, and this is a conservative estimate. “Ding December 7 to the” Daily Economic News “said the general lack of consumer confidence, are waiting to see, basically no longer marketable, and dealers did not dare pick up the dell inspiron 9200 laptop battery.

Lu Jinlong December 7 revealed that at present the Association has already raised the suspension of the implementation of electric vehicles for the new national standard related to report to the National Institute of Standards Management Committee, has not yet answered.

20 km 40 kg into a bone of contention

“Every day I receive dozens or even hundreds of phone companies to inquire about the new standards of electric vehicles, corporate sales were a significant effect, the new standard for the industry a big shock.” Lu Chin-lung to the “Daily Economic News” told reporters.

“Electric cars are the new national standard” refers to the National Standards Board recently released the “electric motorcycle and electric mopeds general technical conditions”, one of the most concern is the “speed of 20 km, 40 kg.” It is understood that the implementation of China’s electric vehicle industry standard is: Speed less than 20 kilometers per hour, weighing not more than 40 kg. National Standards Commission in a recent paper also indicated that, the electric motorcycle is a motorcycle, “electric motorcycle in accordance with the standard motor vehicle management.”

Have “permanent” Road bicycle shares of listed companies (600818, SH) Deputy General Manager Yuan Zhijian December 7 on the “electric car new national standard” accept “Daily Economic News” interview, “said the electric cars currently on the market more than 90% in excess of 20 kilometers per hour, weight 40 kg. If the implementation of the new standard, most of the electric car will be driven motor vehicles Road traffic will be more confusion and can not imagine! “He’s worried that this will lead to industry shocks.

“This standard has been overtaken by events.” Professor at Tsinghua University, China Electric Bicycle Association’s chief specialist marques Long on the “Daily Economic News” reporter, the new national standard used by the standard in 1999, when the 24 volt 10 Ah lead-acid batteries with meet this requirement. At present such standards can not meet public needs, “to recharge a battery only running 10 kilometers, Who will buy?” Therefore, it is a lot of electric bicycles with 36-volt 10 Ah battery, body weight is completely over 40 kg.

If the new national standard to be implemented, but also accord with the public’s travel needs, lead-acid batteries can only be replaced by lithium batteries. Gui-Long Obviously this does not agree, “lithium batteries is recommended growth stage, there is no large-scale commercialization, only a few enterprises are small-volume pilot production test marketing the material may also need to be imported.” He believes that security problem has not yet completely resolved, the new national standard, if implemented, may lead to the development of lithium battery industry, the blind, quite a mixed bag, to the safety of electric bicycles to bring hidden dangers.

Motorcycles, bicycles competing interests?

Why is the introduction of a national standard would lead to such intense controversy in the industry? Lu Jinlong that, because participation in the formulation “electric motor conditions” of the unit does not have wide representation, saying it represents the strength of the “motorcycle industry.”

He said, “We are drafting amendments to the national standard of electric bicycles, the purpose is to relax some standards. It should wait for us after the introduction of new standards, with the new standards. However, electric motorcycles and electric light standards are pre-empt the introduction of a motorcycle , and ‘blocking’ of the electric bicycle industry, space. ”

It is understood that participation in the formulation of this “new national standard” is that China Automotive Technology and Research Center under the National Automotive Standardization Committee, and according to industry sources, the time to participate in drafting the standard, and there is no mainstream enterprises to participate in electric cars. China’s largest manufacturers of electric cars electric vehicle Co., Ltd. Jiangsu, the new Japan in December 7 to the “Daily Economic News” reporter, said they did not participate in the discussion of the new national standard. Gui-Long told reporters that the new national standard electric motor is driven by the motorcycle acer aspire 3050 laptop battery, as the electric car industry expert, he did not participate in the standard work, “the drafting of 11 units are not now, electric bicycle industry, mainstream business.” Gui-Long that the standard-setting parties and therefore the lack of real understanding of the situation.

Analysts said that “national standard” of the dispute is actually behind the motorcycle and electric bike business enterprise game. Statistics show that in 2008 the national production of electric bicycles to apply for business licenses to 2394, including more than 100 is the original motorcycle manufacturers. The new standard, once implemented, the remainder of a large group of more than 2,000 small and medium enterprises will face difficulties.

The new national standard for the electric car controversy, December 6 evening, GB Committee on the electric motorcycle standard release notes of the situation, said, electric bicycles and electric moped is a distinctly different characteristics of the two products. Approved in 2009 “issued by electric motorcycles and electric mopeds general technical conditions” and four standards by the National Development and Reform Commission, the public security departments have agreed to cross-tubes, etc., according to the national standard system (Revised) to provide procedures for the National Automobile Standard Committee Motorcycle Branch will be consulted extensively on the basis of the relevant scientific research institutes and experts from many years of repeated arguments developed.

However, the description, Lu Jinlong believe that the note did not explain the relevant focal point, “that was not much.”

Or to trigger a wave of industry restructuring

Under the new standards, more than 20 kilometers per hour, weighing over 40 kilograms of electric vehicles will be included in the scope of motorcycles. According to the latest requirements of the Department of Public letter to get motorcycle license, companies must meet the project’s total investment shall not be less than 2 million yuan, investment in fixed assets (excluding intangible assets such as land use rights) shall not be less than 80 million yuan, production and R & D investment in equipment shall not be less than 2000 million yuan, registered capital of not less than 80 million yuan.

It is understood that there are more than 2000 domestic electric car manufacturers, but most of them small and medium private enterprises. Lu Chin-lung said that the vast majority of electric car companies not meet the standard, which means that most of the enterprises will be forced to close.

December 7, Jiangsu Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd. Deputy General Manager of the new Japan, Hu Gang, spokesman for the “Daily Economic News” that the introduction of the new national standard, not only will bring about 100 million people to travel changes, the Electric car maker will also have a re-shuffle.

However, he believes that the new national standard for the company, the pros and cons Jieyou. The new national standard will help standardize the industry, but better to listen to public opinion and the electric car industry big business proposal to suspend the implementation. According to reports, the company is actively under the new national standard for access, while improving the research and development, production and crafts.

Judging from the current foreign similar standards, the European electric bicycle speed limit is 25 km, the United States for 32.18 kilometers, Japan is 24 km, South Korea is 30 kilometers more than the Chinese standard. Reporter in the interview, several companies said that the proposed new standards in China in the 30 km speed limit more appropriate.

Electric cars to be implemented the “new national standard” is it mandatory? Experts said that despite the “electric motorcycles and electric mopeds general technical conditions” the national standard is a recommended standard, but if the Ministry of Public Security as the laws and regulations to implement the goalkeeper will have the same mandatory.

December 7, this reporter contact the State Bureau of Quality Supervision, the official said, there have been questions in the national standard GB committee to explain himself. December 7, this reporter to call the national standards committee responsible for this standard industrial one, while the person should contact the department responsible for Policy Research, and December 7 of the Policy Research Office ibm 02k6699 laptop battery has been in a state of no one answered.

Recently, with anti-corruption famous Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) monitor was wrong with the phone to listen to the target audience was exposed, allow people to disguise how much insight the cell phone tapping is easy. Earlier, the Hong Kong film “The Lives of Feng Yun”, the lines “In fact, every person has some eavesdropping devices, our GSM jamming devices, mobile phone number as long as the input target, it can intercept the call to hear each other, even if the other party does not start , as long as the battery is not removed, like to hear, “to allow users to eavesdropping on the phone more” doubts. ”

In addition, the mother card can be copied without SIM card mobile phone tapping anyone’s phone, GSM jamming devices, undercover software after another, but also to allow users to talk about “mobile phone bugging” pale. For a time, on-line to also renewed speculation over again. Well, now travels the phone tapping is really hot so on? However, whether magical or not, pass the HKMA regulatory bodies to remind the members of the public listening to others without  sony vgp-bps3 laptop battery is definitely against the law.

GSM jamming devices to intercept calls?

The film “The Lives of situation”, the eavesdropper Daniel Wu jamming devices by using the GSM, as long as the input target mobile phone number, you can easily eavesdrop. The search on the Internet, found that “eavesdropping situation,” began playing, there are a lot of people to sell “GSM jamming devices,” bid was not high, a set of three or four hundred yuan. So, in reality, so eavesdropping can be achieved?

“In theory, sure can be achieved.” Communications technology source said. In today’s cellular mobile communication system, each base station using radio frequencies do not exceed a few hundred. If you want to eavesdrop whose cell phone signal can be at one with the same cell, and then be able to receive the cell base station is responsible for all the signals, and “cracked” it. Target all the information issued by the handset, including its number, are those where a digital signal. Eavesdropper needs to be done, that is, from a bunch of “1″ and “0″ find the required information.

Of operators have revealed that, in fact, they have now been authorized by the relevant bodies may lawfully monitor the use of certain equipment that can be achieved. Business opportunities in the operating room, monitoring can be achieved without blocking the signal.

Identification Results: GSM jamming devices, an average person can afford, the general electronic market, there can be no public sale of such products. In addition, GSM jamming devices, the effect is not so miraculous, it can only signal in the same base station within the coverage area played a role in intercepting the signal, if the goal is far away from, or in a different base station coverage, would be difficult to fulfill the function it has.

“Undercover software” really can become an undercover?

In the GSM jamming devices, touted at the same time, “undercover software” came back. The software is also called cell phone spyware. This software is similar to computer virus program, once installed in cell phones, you can run automatically in the background, save the user’s call or text message records, and even remote control was carried out eavesdropping.

Alleged that once the phone is equipped with the software, shutdown no use, mobile phone even when turned off, but the same still with the wireless base stations for signal contacts.

Also, there is a theoretical possibility: cell phone hardware itself has a “back door”, or the operating system of loopholes. In this way, designers will be able to phone pre-orders, under some kind of danger, by way of some kind of remote control operation; In addition, the operating system’s vulnerability may also have virus “release.”

Identification Results: “undercover software” can indeed when the undercover agents and the extent of its formidable than GSM jamming devices. The virus will open the command cell phone call feature. However, the terror-stricken nor necessary. “Undercover software” needs to be installed in order to be implanted into the mobile phone into, but also the main concern is the use of Windows Mobile, Symbian and other OS smartphone. Even smart phones, mobile phones that they do not lend to people with malicious intentions prolonged use, not much in the possibility of strokes.

In addition, even if the mobile phone users into opening attachments containing the virus, MMS, if the user does not fooled is not installed, the virus is also helpless. Through other means of transmission, such as infrared, Bluetooth, etc., the same can not be “forced” to install mobile phone viruses.

Very powerful micro-listening devices?

GSM jamming devices, eavesdropping technology, content and implementation costs are too high, and the “undercover software” needed to get other people’s cell phone bugging installation. However, a miniature cell phone listening devices called the product has been on the market, the price is not high, probably 200. It is reported that if the size of a matchbox, built-in lithium battery, with a complete mobile phone features, but also a microphone for radio, but no microphone, so the operation will not be sound. Insert the SIM card as long as the account, you can make use of voice communication networks, the use of comparable to the film scene.

Sales personnel, such as some people attempt to eavesdrop will be in someone else’s office, the family inconspicuous place secretly installed listening devices. Or, you may be presented with a small item, there is no strange appearance, but perhaps the side of a gap, in fact SIM card slot. Inserted into the SIM card, it becomes a mobile phone. Eavesdropper can always dial the station “mobile phone” and turn it around to listen to the voice of your fill. However, the device defect is most obvious power problem, generally only 6 hours of continuous use.

Identification Results: indeed able to eavesdrop, but the cost is also low, the scourge of much use if they are criminals. However, in addition to electricity, this tiny cell phone listening devices there are weaknesses, it will be a fixed installation, can only be used in a specific place and can not eavesdrop the user all of the talk, but can not see the text, surrounded by noise from the larger goals, or tapping too distant, have no way to hear them. If the user has been eavesdropping on suspected possible, carefully check the home or office, it can probably be found in such tiny cell phone listening devices. Of course, worthy of attention is, sale, purchase use of these products are likely to break the law.

SIM card copying any bugging devices?

Probably by the ICAC, as well as the film “eavesdropping situation” and “encourage”, “mother card can be copied without SIM card mobile phone tapping anyone’s call,” the mass SMS has suddenly found a “ride.” SMS is not only a way through the mass release of such information, journalists on-line search into a range of selling SIM card copying device fujitsu lifebook t4020 series laptop battery in price from 1,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan in all.

They said as long as the first billing (often to the designated bank account to play them or transfer), we can provide in accordance with the payer of any cell phone number to copy, copy the card payers get inserted into the phone, you can tap the number calls, SMS. However, not surprisingly, all those who refused the sale of the first test, pay later.

Identification Results: This is the use of “number changing software,” and carried out in outright fraud. When people first hit of the models, then tapping things go down the drain, while the traffickers are mostly dark and quiet without trace. Previously, journalists have reported, GSM mobile phone SIM cards can indeed copied, but the premise is to get the other side of the original mobile phone SIM cards, mobile phone number alone is impossible to copy the SIM card information. And, if replicated, call or text message will only give to a mobile phone, and can not be achieved at the same time answering. Therefore, consumers do not have to care about this eavesdropping fraud.

News Extension:

Cell Phones four strokes

Trick one: I have to pull off the battery

Shutdown and then unplug the battery is necessary. For example, in “The Lives of Feng Yun”, the fear of being tapped boss, to tell the Secretary of commercial confidentiality, the order the Secretary to take off the battery. It is reported that many of the domestic secret meetings, the participants will be asked to remove the phone battery or simply ahead and confiscated the mobile phone another store. Experts say mobile phones are still stand-off in a matter of fact.

Trick 2: Do not phone to strangers

To copy the SIM card, to install the “undercover software”, has been eavesdropping phones must be left to him. So, if you keep poor cell phone, can be installed on the malefactors have some sort of virus. So, if you think your whole body sensitive, it must be careful of their own mobile phones. Of course, the vast majority of ordinary people do not have to worry about.

Trick 3: the virus is more flow and power consumption of mobile phones

Mobile phone data traffic, as well as changes in power, you can roughly determine whether the cell phone bills. This standard is the basic right cell phone virus is very effective. When tapped, the information sent out is to spend energy. So you may find that cell phone off, the power is still very soon. On the other hand, cell phone traffic fees would probably be no reason to surge.

Tricks 4: Confidential call noise

Like the movie, like the anti-eavesdropping, if you have a very confidential conversation, but also a high degree of suspicion of eavesdropping, may wish to learn the plot of the film noise. Because listening devices are the same, is also very sensitive to noise. The effect will be very noisy around the eavesdropping greatly affected. However, the mobile phone users need not paranoid, mobile phone tapping is far from apple powerbook g4 17-inch laptop battery.

Hydrogen is suitable for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications, one of the fuel, but the best way to get hydrogen using steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels. However, steam reforming of fuel need to use expensive equipment, consume large amounts of energy. Directly in the SOFC cell using hydrocarbon fuels, can improve power generation efficiency and simplify the process of power generation. In all of the fuel cell, SOFC is the most promising direct use of hydrocarbon fuels, particularly methane for fuel cells. Main component of natural gas is methane, not through an external reforming of toshiba pa3250 laptop battery in the SOFC, through complete oxidation or partial oxidation reaction, in the power generation at the same time, so that the reaction of methane is suitable for power generation or other purposes H2/CO-rich gases. The effective use of anode gas loop, involving dry methane is generated in the anode reaction is water, which involves methane in the fuel cell reaction. Murry, etc. In the LSM cathode followed by deposition of different thickness (Y2O3) 0.15 (CeO2) 0.85 (ie YDC), YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia), Ni-YSZ, dry methane as fuel to study the cell performance and methane In the anode reaction, based on pure hydrogen and methane of different impedance to determine the dry methane in the battery 550 ~ 650 ℃ operating conditions, complete oxidation occurred in the anode reaction. Seungdoo Park et al [7] to study Cu-YSZ anode, methane direct oxidation of methane occurred in response that the full oxidation of methane. Yaremchenko, etc. In the Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ-Pt anode, the study of a fixed current density of the direct oxidation of dry methane, the reaction is also a full oxidation of methane. Kendall according to Nernst equation, through the open-circuit voltage analysis resulted in a pure methane occurred under the open-circuit response is partial oxidation of methane. MA Zi-Feng et al [10] to YSZ as the electrolyte, the use of slip casting process is made YSZ tube, using Pt as electrode material, study of methane oxidation in the battery anode and found that the conversion of methane in the anode is not necessarily a complete oxidation process reaction, but in the form of a variety of reactions, the reaction of oxygen ions form depends on the degree of enrichment at the anode, the battery temperature and reaction space velocity. Atmospheric pressure, 550 ~ 950 ℃ test, through the H2 and CO, selectivity and yield analysis shows that in the SOFC, the complete oxidation of methane not by the way, but the partial oxidation reaction process. Different research findings, dry methane SOFC anode reactions occurred on a different type. The reason, in addition to the different anode materials, each study are aimed at independent fixed current density response. Methane in the battery anode reaction and methane concentration, the battery operating temperature, current density operating conditions. For the effective use of SOFC, study of operating conditions change on the reaction of methane in the SOFC anode effects of changes is necessary.

An experimental method

1.1 Materials and equipment

Thickness of 0.5 mm, 1 mm, diameter 20 mm, 8% Y2O3 (molar ratio) doped ZrO2 (8-YSZ) electrolyte plate (Japan Tosoh Corporation); NiO powder (Japan Soekawa Corporation); 8-YSZ powder ( Japan, Tosoh Corporation); La0.85Sr0.15MnO3 powder (Japan Kojundo companies).

On-line analysis of the anode outlet gas chromatograph used for the GC-8ATP (Japan Shimadzu Corporation). Generating test control current potentiostat model for the HA-151 (Japan Hokuto Denko Corporation).

1.2 Battery Production

NiO powder and YSZ powder, according to the mass ratio of 3:2 mixture of grinding, and then adding a certain proportion of the pore-forming agent and adhesive, to continue to grind. Would lay a good slurry Apply electrolyte substrate after 1450 ℃ in air roasting. Cathode materials La0.85Sr0.15MnO3, using a similar method of production of anode production, but the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃. Anode area of 0.78 cm 2.

Methane volume fraction changes, the battery of the YSZ thickness of 1 mm, anode thickness of 140μm. Different temperature changes, the volume fraction of methane of 4.6%, the battery of the YSZ thickness of 0.5 mm, anode thickness of 140μm.

1.3 Power Test

Platinum cathode and anode have adopted net to collect current, the current collection came through the platinum wire furnace battery for measurement. Normal temperature and pressure, the cathode pass into the 50 mL / min of pure oxygen, the anode inlet respectively, hydrogen and pure argon diluted methane. When the pass into the methane, the methane gas mixed with pure argon gas. Under normal temperature and pressure, the anode gas supply rate of the total 65 mL / min.

The use of pure hydrogen to restore the ACER lcbtp03003 Laptop battery, when the open circuit voltage stabilized, which leads to a pure argon diluted methane experiment. A concentration or a temperature test is complete, change the test conditions prior to re-use across the 80 ℃ water, hydrogen for power generation test, until the open circuit voltage to the anode restored until after the open circuit voltage.

Gas chromatography-line detection of the anode exports CO, CO2 content of each component to determine the operating conditions change on the response properties of methane in the anode effect. To change the current density, the continuous ventilation 15 min after the start the measurement components.

2 Results and discussion

2.1 Power Generation Performance

Test temperature 1000 ℃, under different volume fraction of methane power generation performance of the battery. Can be seen that the volume fraction of methane increase in the power generation performance of the battery is basically the same. Figure 2 is the volume fraction of methane of 4.6%, the different temperature performance of battery power. With the temperature decreases, the battery’s power generation performance decreases.

2.2 anode exit gas composition

Figure 3 is a different concentration of methane, in the power generation at the same time, at the anode exit measured CO and CO2 production rate. Figure 3 shows that a low current density, when the methane concentration changes, the current density increased the yield little effect on CO, are essentially the same slope with the current density increases linearly. When the current density is high enough to produce CO2, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear, low concentration of methane, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear current density is also low.
A fixed methane concentration, changes in test temperature to explore the temperature on the electrochemical conversion of methane in the battery anode effects. Methane content of 4.6%, the battery anode exit the yield of CO and CO2 with the current density changes. Lower test temperature, low current density of a slight decrease in CO yield, but all with the current density increases linearly. When the CO2 produced when, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear, but with the test temperature reduced, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear current density is also low, began to produce the current density of CO2 is also reduced.

2.3 Anodic electrochemical reaction conversion law

The study shows that, although methane in the anode of non-phase interface occurs methane decomposition reaction, but the battery anode three-phase interface, where current conditions, the occurrence of electrochemical reaction. Different current density of methane occurred in the Ni-YSZ anode electrochemical overall reaction are as follows.
Can be seen from Figure 5, in the studied cells, the complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the current density threshold [i (CO2)] is proportional to the relationship between the volume fraction of methane. This suggests that high concentrations of methane requires a high current density in order to allow complete oxidation of methane started to occur. Theoretical analysis, there is no methane, complete oxidation of methane began the current density threshold value is zero, the value is taken into account, for different concentrations of complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the current density threshold for fitting, to be i (CO2) = 0.103C (CH4) to change the temperature, using a similar study of testing methods, at different currents, using gas chromatography detection of CO2, to determine if a temperature, complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the threshold current density. Methane volume fraction of 4.6%, the different temperatures, complete oxidation of methane occurred threshold current density shown in Figure 6. Can be seen from Figure 6, methane concentration in certain circumstances, the temperature increases, the complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the threshold current density increases. The use of the quality of balance and out of gas or reaction of the current, to determine the relevant reaction rate, the use Arrhenius formula, derived at different temperatures within the range of CO2 produced by the electrochemical reaction activation energy: T <1123 K, E = 141 kJ / mol; 1123 K <T <1173 K, E = 89 kJ / mol; T> 1173 K, E = 36 kJ / mol. Its activation energy decreases with increasing temperature is due to the temperature rise, average energy of molecules is also a corresponding increase, making normal molecule and activation energy difference between molecules (ie, the activation energy) reduced. Although the activation energy of the same molecule will increase with rising temperature, but according to statistical mechanics, the activation energy of molecular margin of increase is less than normal molecules.

In this way, the corresponding reaction activation energy decreases with increasing temperature.
According to the above reaction pathway, CO selectivity mainly by the COs desorption, and further deep oxidation reaction of the relative competitiveness of these two rate-determining, the reaction temperature is conducive to COs desorption reaction, leading to increased CO selectivity; another aspects of methane dissociation on Ni is the activation process, the reaction temperature, the methane adsorption rate with exponential speed, the surface O coverage is relatively decreases with increasing temperature, the temperature rise, the catalyst surface CHx species and between O the relative abundance ratio CHx / O corresponding increase, resulting in the generation of CO2 in relation to risk reduction of CO [16], require a higher current density to improve the response to the sony vgp-bps5 laptop battery.

3 Conclusion

With Ni-YSZ anode, YSZ electrolyte to do, LSM for the cathode production of electrolyte supported single cell in the battery operation, the change in methane concentration, operating temperature, current density, the use of the anode exhaust gas chromatography analysis of studies on operational conditions change , methane carried out in the battery anode electrochemical reaction pattern. Research suggests that in the studied range of experimental conditions, the low current density of methane partial oxidation occurs in the battery anode reaction; current density increased to a certain extent, methane complete oxidation occurs in the battery anode reaction; there is threshold current density, so that methane from the partial oxidation into a complete oxidation. A certain temperature, complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the current density threshold, and proportional to the concentration of methane; methane concentration in a certain temperature rise, complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the threshold current density increases.

2.2 anode exit gas composition

Figure 3 is a different concentration of methane, in the power generation at the same time, at the anode exit measured CO and CO2 production rate. Figure 3 shows that a low current density, when the methane concentration changes, the current density increased the yield little effect on CO, are essentially the same slope with the current density increases linearly. When the current density is high enough to produce CO2, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear, low concentration of methane, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear current density is also low.

A fixed methane concentration, changes in test temperature to explore the temperature on the electrochemical conversion of methane in the battery anode effects. Methane content of 4.6%, the battery anode exit the yield of CO and CO2 with the current density changes shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 shows that the test temperature decreases, low-current density of a slight decrease in CO yield, but all with the current density increases linearly. When the CO2 produced when, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear, but with the test temperature reduced, CO production rate starts to deviate from the linear current density is also low, began to produce the current density of CO2 is also reduced.

2.3 Anodic electrochemical reaction conversion law

The study shows that, although methane in the anode of non-phase interface occurs methane decomposition reaction, but the battery anode three-phase interface, where current conditions, the occurrence of electrochemical reaction. Different current density of methane occurred in the Ni-YSZ anode electrochemical overall reaction are as follows.

Batteries under study, the complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the current density threshold [i (CO2)] is proportional to the relationship between the volume fraction of methane. This suggests that high concentrations of methane requires a high current density in order to allow complete oxidation of methane started to occur. Theoretical analysis, there is no methane, complete oxidation of methane began the current density threshold value is zero, the value is taken into account, for different concentrations of complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the current density threshold for fitting, to be i (CO2) = 0.103C (CH4) (4) changes in temperature, the utilization of a similar test method, at different currents, using gas chromatography detection of CO2, to determine if a temperature, complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the threshold current density. Methane volume fraction of 4.6%, the different temperatures, complete oxidation of methane occurred threshold current density shown in Figure 6. Can be seen from Figure 6, methane concentration in certain circumstances, the temperature increases, the complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the threshold current density increases. The use of the quality of balance and out of gas or reaction of the current, to determine the relevant reaction rate, the use Arrhenius formula, derived at different temperatures within the range of CO2 produced by the electrochemical reaction activation energy: T <1123 K, E = 141 kJ / mol; 1123 K <T <1173 K, E = 89 kJ / mol; T> 1173 K, E = 36 kJ / mol. Its activation energy decreases with increasing temperature is due to the temperature rise, average energy of molecules is also a corresponding increase, making normal molecule and activation energy difference between molecules (ie, the activation energy) reduced. Although the activation energy of the same molecule will increase with rising temperature, but according to statistical mechanics, the activation energy of molecular margin of increase is less than ordinary molecules [14-15].

In this way, the corresponding reaction activation energy decreases with increasing temperature.

According to the above reaction pathway, CO selectivity mainly by the COs desorption, and further deep oxidation reaction of the relative competitiveness of these two rate-determining, the reaction temperature is conducive to COs desorption reaction, leading to increased CO selectivity; another aspects of methane dissociation on Ni is the activation process, the reaction temperature, the methane adsorption rate with exponential speed, the surface O coverage is relatively decreases with increasing temperature, the temperature rise, the catalyst surface CHx species and between O the relative abundance ratio CHx / O corresponding increase, resulting in the generation of CO2 relative to CO less likely to require a higher current density to improve the response to the required O 2 -.

3 Conclusion

With Ni-YSZ anode, YSZ electrolyte to do, LSM for the cathode production of electrolyte supported single cell in the battery operation, the change in methane concentration, operating temperature, current density, the use of the anode exhaust gas chromatography analysis of studies on operational conditions change , methane carried out in the apple 15-inch powerbook g4 laptop battery anode electrochemical reaction pattern. Research suggests that in the studied range of experimental conditions, the low current density of methane partial oxidation occurs in the battery anode reaction; current density increased to a certain extent, methane complete oxidation occurs in the battery anode reaction; there is threshold current density, so that methane from the partial oxidation into a complete oxidation. A certain temperature, complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the current density threshold, and proportional to the concentration of methane; methane concentration in a certain temperature rise, complete oxidation of methane started to occur in the threshold current density increases.

As there is a zinc cathode electron shell, the air deflector into the hole, a chemical reaction of oxygen and zinc, they generate electricity. The structural design efficiency is very high, can achieve three times the power.

Global consumer electronics products want smaller, lighter, at the same time, manufacturers will want their devices to produce more energy efficient. Energizer ZincAirPrismatic (ZAP) battery is able to meet all these demands a solution.

The product uses the same with the hearing aid batteries ZincAir technology, by making the zinc and oxygen in the air react to generate electricity. Energizer’s Director of OEM Marketing JonEager introduction, positive and negative electrode material determines the nature of the battery, the typical alkaline 5 (AA) batteries used two kinds of zinc and manganese dioxide material, two kinds of materials to be integrated into the cell to should take up a lot of space. However, ZAP battery difference is that it only contains a “zinc” a material, another need is the air of oxygen.

As there is a zinc cathode electron shell, the air deflector into the hole, a chemical reaction of oxygen and zinc, they generate electricity. The structural design efficiency is very high, can achieve three times the power. Compared with the rechargeable lithium batteries, Energizer batteries for OEM manufacturers ZincAir significant cost savings, while providing the same slim and compact form factor, without charging circuit and charging devices can be used. The product’s innovative features include the new 5mm Prism (rectangular) structure, its energy density in all portable consumer power solution second to none. Prism structure has many advantages, first, the design of electronic devices become increasingly thin, OEM manufacturers need the size of the battery itself, we should try to thin. Prism structure can be more efficient use of the volume. In addition the battery through ZAP oxygen in the air play a role, use the prism structure, relatively easy to make the air flow into the battery out; while for ordinary circular batteries, air into the not so easy. Prism structure also allows access to the air contact surface area is relatively large, relatively stable electricity generated.

Since ZAP batteries need to use the oxygen in the air, so air management system design is essential. JonEager pointed out, ZAP cells need oxygen to and inside the interaction of zinc, so the oxygen capacity and discharge rate must be proportional. Consumers first battery when the battery is first necessary to block the air holes into pieces to remove, and then put to use to use electrical appliances on. However, prolonged exposure to the air so that the battery may cause cell performance slightly affected by some impact. Need to restrict access to the battery in the air, can effectively increase the apple 12 inch powerbook g4 laptop battery life. “In addition, some special circumstances, Energizer company also has a special solution”, JonEager explained, such as Tibet and other highland areas, the proportion of oxygen in the air less, may have some impact the battery. So Energizer special areas for the program, allow OEM manufacturers to understand they were going to where the battery used, and Energizer will help customers determine and design in order to obtain the most efficient solution. Of course, under normal circumstances, even in a lot of high mountains, oxygen battery for ZAP is also very adequate.

“The other extreme environments is a hot and humid conditions”, JonEager continued, humidity conditions that can affect the performance of the battery, if the extremely dry, then the batteries may be rendered useless; humidity is too high, then the internal battery will retain some of the air liquid. So Energizer team of engineers to the world’s 60 major cities, 365 days a year, by the hour monitoring, collecting data on extreme weather limits and in accordance with the actual data to carry out the battery product design. “After monitoring, we found that most urban conditions are close to the middle of the range, that is relatively rare in the extreme circumstances. Of course, if the customer needs to the harsh desert environment, the use of batteries, Energizer companies do not recommend the use of the battery ZAP program. In short, consumer electronics products in general terms, the general work at room temperature without the need to have very poor conditions, difficult circumstances, there is no big problem. ”